Monitors and output

Select a monitor by the data needed for analysis. Monitor positions use the same s coordinate as lattice elements, and turn indices start at zero.

Monitor	Purpose	Recording interval
StatMonitor	Bunch moments and losses	Every turn
DistMonitor	Particle-distribution snapshots	Selected turns
ParticleMonitor	Selected particle trajectories	Every turn in [start, end)
PhaseAdvanceMonitor	Single-particle fractional tunes	Completed analysis windows
Slow-extraction spill monitor	Spill from named extraction events	Turn and/or physical-time bins

• Table output formats
• Automatic plotting
• StatMonitor
• DistMonitor
• ParticleMonitor
• PhaseAdvanceMonitor
• Slow-extraction spill monitor

Empty slots and particle records

The beam retains all harmonic slots. A slot with no allocated particle records is skipped by bunch monitors and produces no bunch-specific output file. This decision uses the allocated particle range, not the number of live particles. Reserved records for later injection remain active; a bunch whose particles have all been lost also keeps its loss diagnostics and zero-survival statistics. If regrouping later fills an empty slot, monitors include it at their next scheduled sample. ParticleMonitor and SlowExtractionMonitor keep their beam-wide trajectory and extraction summaries; empty slots do not add files.

Once injected, a particle retains its identity abs(tag) through loss and regrouping. Loss uses tag=-particle_id, including at magnet fringes, so trajectory records and injection snapshots remain associated with the original particle.

Output reference information

Distribution headers record ReferenceArrivalTime, ReferenceBeta, ReferenceMomentum, CoordinateDefinition and the element-exit event. Statistical monitors include the corresponding per-row reference values. ParticleMonitor saves turn-by-turn reference values only with "Include reference": true. Its HDF5 initial group or TFS initial rows always capture the injection reference; those values cannot replace later per-sample references. TFS keeps reference columns present with NaN values in trajectory rows when this option is disabled. Reconstruct live-particle time using the reference saved with the row, not the reference at another turn. Loss coordinates are frozen diagnostic records and must not be interpreted with a later live reference.

Use Longitudinal coordinate and reference time for the physical coordinate definitions and Table output formats for file formats and readers.